Archive for October 21st, 2007

October 21, 2007: 10:59 pm: adminThe Technology Way

You have superhuman senses, but you don’t know it yet.

You can detect the presence of a tiny speck of anthrax in a vast
public space, or count the fish in a 4,000 square mile
area. You can hear a gunshot hundreds of yards away and use your
super-powerful vision to zoom in on a criminal as he tries to
escape. You can look in the eyes of a person you’ve never met,
and tell me her identity.

Best of all, with every passing day, your superhuman
senses grow stronger. You acquire new ones, too.

No, you didn’t get bitten by a radioactive spider or exposed to
gamma radiation. You’re not a mutant X-Man.

You are just lucky enough to be alive during the birth of a new
class of computers, called sensors. They are multiplying faster
than chocolate stains at a nursery school birthday party.

In the time it took me to write this far, the human race
deployed thousands of new sensors into the world. Some are
old-hat sensors like burglar alarms and smoke detectors. But
others extend and supercharge our senses in ways that seem
ripped out of the pages of your favorite comic book.

If a tree grows in the forest and no one is there, does it make
a noise? Sensors are being added to forests - often to study the
behavior of wild animals - and the answer is a resounding yes.

Sensors called drifters have been floating on ocean currents for
several years now, sending back information not only to
researchers but also to elementary school classrooms. In the
process, we are learning immense amounts about our oceans and
climate.

Thanks to sensors, Air Force pilots in Colorado Springs now
control drone planes that run bombing missions in Afghanistan;
the pilots’ biggest problem is coming home to a normal family
life at 5 pm, after operating in a war zone.

Sensors extend your senses to the very little, and the very
distant. They can detect pathogens at the molecular level, and
monitor the Earth - or other planets - over vast distances.
Pictures from satellites show the impact of human development on
places such as Mexico City, Las Vegas and the Amazon.

Never before have you - or any other human - been able to see in
such detail how our world changes from one day to the other, or
one year to the next.

Four big changes are impacting the growth of your new superhuman
senses. The first is that sensors are increasingly becoming
wireless, which means they can operate almost anywhere. The
second is that we are figuring out how to get sensors to use
very small amounts of power, or even to generate all the power
they need from their environment (i.e. solar power, or power
from natural vibrations.) Third, sensors are shrinking rapidly.

Finally, sensors are being networked together. Altogether, these
changes mean that sensors will literally be woven into the
fabric of our world.

Think of a new Internet of sensors, which will extend your
senses in ways that are difficult to imagine. Do you know where
your children are right now? Soon, your answer will always be
yes.

In fact, it’s already a mistake to think that Google only
searches web pages. Through the web, you can already access
millions of sensor readings, from radar screens and satellite
imagery to sensor data from nature preserves such as Great Duck
Island

If you have ever read a comic book, you know that gaining
superhuman powers will change your life. Peter Parker didn’t
come home with new spider powers and go on with life as usual.
These powers turned his life upside down.

Likewise, these new powers will change the course of human
history. Quickly.

Sensors will reveal the truth about our history, environment,
interactions, and universe. Just look at NBC’s Olympic coverage,
and you’ll get an idea what I mean. They can now superimpose one
ski racer’s run over his competitor, so you can see precisely
when and how one racer got the edge. No more vague generalities;
we can now see 1/100ths of a second differences between two
performances.

Knowing the truth excites some people, and terrifies others.
Just ask Superman what it’s like to have x-ray vision. Sometimes
it’s pretty depressing to know the truth.

Take a moment and look around. In less time than it will take
the Yankees to win another World Series, sensors will be in your
clothing, walls, pets, vehicles and body. Of course, you may be
an early adopter, in which case all of these are already true.

: 10:55 pm: adminUniversity of Security

Every single computer on the internet is at risk from PC threats which include viruses, Trogans spyware, adware, key loggers, the list goes on. Most people genuinely try by buying an anti-virus program or an anti-spyware package which will help but there are still many other problems that need to be addressed.

More and more people are using PC’s these days for internet banking, paying bills, online shopping, using programs to manage financial information, and much more. It’s great to be able to do all these things without stepping out the door, but what people are actually doing is storing some of their most valuable information on PC’s and if the proper precautions are not taken hackers can have a field day.

Hackers and virus writers are getting increasingly sophisticated every day. At the same time, people are storing more and more confidential information on their computers. A good hacker can enter an unguarded PC through your browser, download your, credit card numbers, social security numbers, your entire identity is there for them take and use at there discretion.

Most people realize that they should be taking some type of security measure, but they don’t know where to begin. Before you ever risk all the data on your computer again, you need to know exactly where to begin locking your PC down or you are taking some serous risks.

I have been working in the IT industry for many years now and it has been a scary experience to see how PC threats have evolved. People need to seek good advice and put a system in place to protect their computers and themselves against the many PC threats.

I recommend people to use the Windows update feature, a trusted anti-virus package, a trusted anti-spyware package, and make sure they are set to auto update. These three things will certainly help guard against many of the nasty PC threats but other precautions still need to be taken to insure your PC protection.

I suggest people download and put to use the free information provided at www.yourpcprotection.com.

Glenn Munn
Information Technology support officer
(MCP)Microsoft Certified Professional
Comptia A+ accredited

: 10:30 am: adminMiscellaneous

The pace of life seems to quicken every year. More and more time is spent rushing from job to after school activities or evening meetings. It’s easy to get over whelmed and to loose a sense of family and relaxation in our homes. Here are a few ideas to help strengthen your family and to keep some of life’s pressures and stresses out of the home.

~ Be involved but learn how to say No, once in a while. You want to be an involved informed parent but you need to keep your schedule sane. So don’t volunteer for everything and don’t sign your kids up for every after school sport or activity. Set limits on these activities, car pool whenever possible, and limit the activities you volunteer for and your children participate in to two for each half of the school year.

~ Week long family vacations are great but sometimes you need a family break more often. Plan mini retreats that give you a break from your routine and allow down time where you can just hang out. See if a local hotel with a swimming pool has off-season rates. Then get together with one or two other families whose company you enjoy and book a night in the hotel. Bring swimsuits for the kids and a good book for yourself. You can also turn off the TV, telephone, computer, and CD player for the night, cook an easy meal or order take out and tell stories or play cards or a board game. Teenagers may think its hokey at first but they really do appreciate the change of pace and the time with their family.

~ Eat dinner at the table not in front of the TV or standing in the kitchen grabbing a quick bite just before rushing out to the next activity. Consciously eating your meals not only improves digestion but also allows you thirty minutes to slow down and reconnect; sharing things that happened during the day. Make it mandatory and after a few weeks you will see how everyone really looks forward to this short peace of family time each night.

~ Develop family traditions with your immediate and extended family members. Come up with a special night once or twice a year that isn’t tied to a holiday. Have everyone who comes make something to eat, even the littlest ones. Share what you have been doing since the last get together and come up with some fun game everyone can get involved in. Horse shoes, softball, badminton, the game isn’t important it’s the time you spend together just goofing around without judgment and the pressures of the regular schedule of life.

~ Keep expectations of achievement in school at a reasonable level; encourage your children to strive for things and work at a level that always gives them a bit of a challenge, but don’t push them into situations that are too different or may regularly affect their self esteem.

EzineArticles Expert Author BZ Riger-Hull

About The Author

©BZ Riger-Hull - www.in-spiros.com

For valuable free articles, assessments, & practical success toolsmailto:A1@smartautoresponder.com Certified as a Success Coach, “Four Agreements” Facilitator, & Tele-Course leader We help you communicate powerfully, reduce stress, Strategically Attract success, & increase your financial well-being.

bz@in-spiros.com

: 8:59 am: adminMiscellaneous

Alumpeth temple is an ancient kalari temple of Sri Bhadrakali (Devi), located at Vathikulam, a remote but beautiful village in Kerala state of South India. Vathikulam village is accessable by road travelling 7 kms towards east from Kayamkulam town. Kayamkulam is a well known town on national highway 47 about 108 kms towards north of Trivandrum and 110 kms towards south from Cochin. Kayamkulam is well connected by railway also.
Motive behind the incarnation of Sribhadrakali (Devi) is to save the gods from insult and despair, people worship her in times of dejoice, neglect and impending emotional distress. Devi is also known to be a goddess on call at times when life is in risk and existence is felt to be impossible. Since Alumpeth temple is in the form of ancient Indian Kalari (school of literal and martial arts) people depend her when their progress in educational, cultural, scientific and legal endeavours are thwarted by enemies or negative situational factors.
Prayer

Sit in a comfortable position with closed eyes and chant the manthra:

“Ya devi sarwabhootheshu
mathruroopena samsthitha
namasthasyai namasthasyai
namasthasyai namo nama:”

several times and achieve bliss.

Irrespective of size or amount, devotees offer anything under the sun to Devi. Offerings range from a garland or flower to an elephant. Fridays and Tuesdays are very important for this prayer. For resolving long standing problems, one has to better follow Velliyazhcha Vritham (Friday Fasting Prayer). The program starts on thursday after evening bath, taking no solid food other than fruits from thursday evening to saturday morning. Intoxicants, non-vegetarian food and sex should be avoided during these hours, should bath twice a day and chant the above manthra, this should be continued for any number of weeks until desired outcome is received. This prayer has high significance from naturopathic and yogic perspective also.

Mythology
Lord Siva married Sati, daughter of king Daksha and were living happily at kailas. Daksha conducted a yaga (grand ceremony and feast to gods) where Siva and Sati were not invited. Despite of Siva’s admonishment, Sati attended the yaga expecting her parents would apologize and receive her. But she was neglected and insulted in public. Sati felt desperate and ended her life jumping into the fire.

Lord Siva turned furious and bang his hair on earth giving birth to two frightening figures, Sri Bhadrakali(Devi) and Virabhadra. They destroyed the yaga and killed Daksha (Devibhagavatham 7th chapter). Hence Devi is believed to be a savior on call at times when ones esteem is injured.

History

Alumpeth temple is the holy seat of Sri Bhadrakali. Yogiswaran (ancient family chief) of Mulamoottil family was a devotee of Panayannarkavu goddess who brought Devi through penence in 16th century to Alumpeth temple. Yogiswaran is the physical founder of this temple. Yogiswaran’s predecessors where accountant generals of kayamkulam dynasty and enjoyed immence power, wealth and all virtues of feudalism. This was a glorious period in the history of temple. In 1924AD the grand family and wealth were divided into 7 branches and the 7th branch is Alumpeth temple.
Eravankara Punchaman Madom Thirumeni is the thanthri (spiritual chief) and this position runs hereditary in that family. Temple committee with the consent of thantri appoints poojari and other temple employees from time to time.

Siva: Third of thrimoorthi (Hindu Holy Trinity) responsible for samharam (destruct ion). At Alumpeth temple Siva sits near Devi. Purakuvilakku, Dhara and Mrithyunjaya pooja are important to Siva.

Ayyappa: Son of Siva in Vishnu. Ayyappa sits near Devi in t he temple. During sabarimala season, Ayyappa devotees crowed in the temple to start their sabarimala pilgrimage.

Veerabhadra: Brother of Devi, born along with her from Siva at the time of Daksha’s killing.

Brahma Rakshas is considered as a part of Lord Vishnu.

Yakshi : Friend and helper of Devi. Tender coconut is her favorite offering.

Nagaraja and Nagayakshi : King and queen of snakes worshiped in ancient Kerala.. Panoor Kavu, bush located 1 km. south west of the temple is also known for snake worship .

Yogiswaran: Ancient family chief and founder of Alumpeth temple. His seat is Kadanath Kalari located 600 m. south of main temple.

Gandharwan (Musician of Heaven) also sits at Kadanath Kalari.

FESTIVALS

Major festival in this temple is on “Pathamudayom” (10th day of month Medom). Usually it comes on 23rd of April every year. Festival starts with special pooja for main and sub gods. In the morning ladies offer “Pongal” to the goddess. Pongal is a custom in which ladies cook Pudding in temple premises for fulfilment of their long cherished dreams. Kalasam, ezhunnallathu are conducted during day time. Night there will be traditional cultural programs like Kathakali, Music contest, Koothu, Theeyattu etc. Festival ends next day early morning with gurusi (holy sacrifice) and fire works. Vijayadasami is another festival in this temple.Devibhagavatham (epic text on Sree Bhadrakali) is read. Children from nearby places are brought for vidyarambham (commencement of study). Spiritual cheif writes alphabets on children’s tongue with gold.
During Sabarimala season (Vrichikam, Dhanu months) special Ayyappa Poojas are conducted. Ayyappa devotees crowed here for Malayidil (commencements of 2 months penence for Ayyappa) and kettumuruckal (fitting their bags for sabarimala pilgrimage).

Other Hindu festivals like Onam, Vishu, Deepavali, Sivarathri, Bharani, Ayilyam, Ekadasi are also celebrated. Star Rohini of every month is also important here.

OFFERINGS

(A) Vazhipadu/offering

Brief list of major offerings are given. Rate mentioned is for 1 year. Devotees can book the offerings by sending a cheque/Draft drawn in favour of Secretary, Alumpeth Devikshethram, Vathikulam, payable at Kayamkalam. This may be accompanied by a covering letter indicating the item of offering, devotee’s star/date of birth. The offering pooja will be conducted on the same date of every month for a period of 1 year (12 pooja’s) and the prasadam (blessed remainings of pooja) will be send to the devotee over post.

Ganapathy Homam: Special offering to Ganapathy (Vinayak) for eleminating barriers and adverse factors in life (Rs. 1250/- / 40 $).
Mrithyunjaya Homam : Word meaning, win over death. It is a Siva Pooja conducted with the objective of saving life of person whose life is threatened. Lord Siva is considered as daring even to destroy god of death to save his devotes (Rs. 1500/- / 50$).

Sathru Samhara Pooja : Special offering to Sri Bhadrakali for total destruction of one’s enemy (Rs. 1500/- / 50 $).

Noorum Palum: Specail offering to Nagaraja and Nagayakshi for birth of children and healthy growth of next generation. (Rs. 1500/- / 50 $).
Ayyappa Pooja: Excludes the devotee from bad luck due to the influence of Sani (Saturn). (RS. 1500/- / 50 $).

Payasam/Pudding for Veerabhadran (Rs. 200/- / 5 $).

Payasam/Pudding for Brahmarakshasu (Rs. 200/- / 5 $).

Tender Coconut and varapodi for yakshi (Rs. 200/- / 5$).

Full day Pooja: for main and sub gods includes all the items 1 - 8 and unique pooja in devotees name to Sri Bhadrakali (Rs. 10000/- / 250 $).

(B)Contributions

Devotees can also contribute to development of the temple. Recently made such contribution includes Mr. Pallickal Sunil’s contribution of a building. Another is an attractive protection wall to the temple constructed in memory of Panoor Kizhakkathil Thankamma Kunjamma and Thottathil Raghavan Unnithan.

Visit www.geocities.com/alumpethtemple

Dr. Hari

: 8:55 am: adminThe Technology Way

The plasma flat screen television was invented in the 1960s, and
although it made a brief appearance in the market in the 70s, it
did not quite catch on. Nowadays, the plasma flat screen
television is defining what a home theatre should be, and most
people who pride themselves on having a fine home theatre own a
plasma flat screen television along with other high-tech
innovations, such as surround sound speakers. The plasma flat
screen television truly gives one the feeling of sitting in the
cinema, and, if mounted on the wall, it can save a lot of space.
Although the price was once out of the range of the average
consumers, plasma flat screen televisions are slowly moving into
the range of affordability.

A plasma flat screen television uses technology that is quite
different from the typical cathode ray television. Neon and
Xenon gases move between two flat panel glasses. These are inert
gases and are not dangerous. The result is amazing color; the
typical plasma flat screen television produces 16 million unique
colors and provides great contrast between dark and light. The
screen has a “perfect black” that gives it a cinematic feel.
Although the plasma flat screen television is much larger than
the conventional television, with all of its devices, it is
usually no more than four inches thick. This allows one to
install a plasma flat screen television on the wall to save
space.

Although the cost of a plasma flat screen television keeps
decreasing, you should take into account the amount of power
these televisions can use when you figure out the cost in real
terms. While there are many energy-efficient models, a larger
plasma flat screen television uses a lot of electricity. However
the technology of the plasma TV is being developed and improved
constantly, and, before long, using a plasma TV will conserve
energy.

One advantage to the plasma flat screen television is that it
has a relatively long life; the typical set has 60,000 hours to
half life (half-life occurs when the screen quality is reduced
by half). When you purchase your plasma flat screen television,
ensure that you have an excellent warrantee and that you can
have it serviced for free or at a low cost.

One thing to be aware of with your plasma flat screened
television is that it is quite delicate, and the slightest bump
can cause problems. For instance, if a child throws a ball at
the screen, hundreds of individual tubes can lose their ability
to glow, and repair for this is expensive, if it is possible. It
is therefore a good idea for parents to install their plasma
flat screened television so that it is high enough to avoid such
interference (and don’t let your kids play ball in the TV
room!). There are tilt wall mounts that allow you to install
your plasma flat screened television at an angle if you store it
high.

Along with the plasma flat-screened television, you can purchase
plasma furniture or special cabinets and stands for your plasma
television. If you prefer the classic, hardwood look, there are
home entertainment cabinets specially designed to hold plasma
flat screened televisions along with other equipment. For a more
contemporary look, you can find metallic curved stands with
simple glass shelves or just a short stand to place on top of an
existing cabinet or table.

An important tip to keep in mind when choosing plasma flat
screened television furniture and supplies is that they should
be well-tested for sturdiness, since a plasma TV cannot handle a
bump, much less, a complete fall. Make sure that all surfaces
and mounts are sturdy enough to hold your set or more weight,
just to be on the safe side.

: 8:51 am: adminUniversity of Security

Today more and more people are looking to the internet to do their shopping. With online stores popping up all over the internet the urge to spend money on the World Wide Web has never been stronger. The unfortunate thing is that the urge for scam artists to take your money has never been stronger. So how do you protect your self from these thieves? If you follow these simple steps I promise you’ll enjoy shopping on the internet more having taken these precautions.

The first thing you should consider when buying online is if the website you are shopping on is secure? These days most retail websites have secure pages where you enter your personal information but that doesn’t mean that all sites are secure. The first step in making sure that your information is secure is to check the address bar and look for “https” this means that you are on a secure page. If the address begins with “http” the page is not secure and your information should not be given. The second step in determining if the website is safe is to look for the picture of a closed lock or an unbroken key. These pictures can be found in the bottom right corner of your browser window. When the lock is open or the key is broken the page is not secure. The last thing to look for is mention of secure certificates or “SSL” . These logos usually appear near the bottom of the screen. If you are still not sure if the website is secure you can always ask them through e-mail (make sure to save the reply just in case).

Credit card fraud is still relatively common. Even with all the security that some of the larger websites have, these con artists are still able to scam some people. So what do you do if you suspect that you have been scammed? The first thing you should do is determine if the charges on your credit card are really unauthorized. This is why you should save all of your receipts. Sometimes when a company makes a charge to your card it might show up on your statement as a charge from a name that you don’t recognize so it is important to check your receipts and confirmation e-mails (the company will usually tell you what the purchase will be charged as in the confirmation) to make sure that the mystery charges aren’t legitimate. Once you are sure that you have been scammed either by the store or by someone that has somehow stolen your credit card information your next step is to contact the credit card company. Some companies such as VISA and MasterCard offer zero liability for fraudulent charges. If your credit card issuer does not have a zero liability policy then you are only liable for up to $50 according to federal law.

Shopping on the internet is more popular than ever and with the flood of internet shoppers comes a wave of con artists. Protect your self from these crooks. Follow the information I have laid out for you and remember to save your receipts, look for secure pages and if that isn’t enough then only buy from well established websites that you have had good experiences with.

Steven Stoeterau is the owner and operator of a bargains website called Badassbargains.com.

: 8:23 am: adminHardware Stuff

Confused about DSL? So was I at one time! However, it is no big deal to get an understanding about what it is, how it works and how it compares to your other choices for getting high speed internet access.

Faster and faster dialup telephone modems were all the rage, until DSL and cable modems came about. We can laughingly look back at those old slow modems and the tell tale dialing sounds that you could hear as they attempted to log on.

You may also wonder why DSL needs a telephone connection. Simply put, the telephone company has special equipment in place to handle DSL traffic. Even though it operates on your existing telephone line, it does not interfere with your regular telephone service. You will never know that DSL is operating in the background.

Once you upgrade, you will wonder why you ever bothered with the slow way. You will equate it to walking backwards.

You will need a relatively newer computer to be able to use DSL. Do not worry though; the requirements are not that high. However, if you have a really old machine you will need to get a better one. You will not be sorry you did.

The minimum requirements are a Windows 98 operating system, a 233 MHz machine, a CD drive, 64-128 MB memory and either a USB or 10Base-T Ethernet port. There is no need to worry if you do not understand any of that. You can always use your existing computer connection to have your computer checked for compatibility.

Just follow the link at http://paradisewireless.com/dsl.htm and you’ll easily find the systems requirements area where they will check the computer to be sure it is compatible. You do not have to sign up or download anything either. Merely click the link and they’ll do the rest. If everything is OK you’ll get a message that says “Congratulations, your computer meets the minimum system requirements necessary to run DSL”.

Besides a decent computer, you will also need to somewhat near the DSL office. It is even possible that your neighbor can get DSL while you cannot. You can also do a preliminary check online to see if you should be able to get service.

There are some other factors that may limit your ability to get DSL in your present location. Basically, it might work and it might not. But, as your telephone provider upgrades it may be possible in the future.

Getting high speed internet access with a cable modem is usually less finicky than DSL. However, cable access usually comes at a higher price.

To install DSL on your computer is not hard. If you sign up for it online, you will get an installation kit in the mail. Give your self at least an hour for the process. Open the box, unpack the modem and look at the install directions. Follow the directions in the order given and you should have no trouble.

If your installation does not work, call the support line. If they cannot assist you in getting it to work, just send it all back. Be patient and do not let anything or anyone intimidate you.

If DSL works for your situation, then you will be very satisfied. A fast internet connection is something that you can only fully appreciate once you have experienced it. You will never want to go back to dialup.

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: 4:50 am: adminThe Technology Way

Plants, invertebrate animals, amphibians and even reptiles have the ability to regenerate lost or damaged body parts. In the case of lizards, for example, this is a defensive mechanism. When a predator attacks, the lizard can break off its own tail as a means of distraction. While the predator is busy eating the tail, the lizard escapes and regenerates the body part later on. Mammals can regenerate some skin and liver tissue, but our regenerative abilities stop there. Unlike lizards, which have nature to thank for their regenerative capabilities, we are dependent on scientists, physicians and the business community to develop new technologies that will help us repair and replace damaged tissue.

How do lizards and other animals regenerate tissue? Part of the answer has to do with stem cells. When an amphibian loses its tail, for example, stem cells in the spinal cord migrate into the regrowing tail and differentiate into several cell types, including muscle and cartilage. This occurs simultaneously with the growth and differentiation of cells in the tail stump. Eventually, this process results in a new, fully-functional and anatomically-correct tail.

The exact reasons why mammals are so limited when it comes to regenerative potential is still not known. However, there have been significant levels of investment into stem cell research over the past several years in the hope of developing new technologies that will offer the ability to grow lost or damaged tissue, and perhaps even organs. Although there have been a number of recent breakthroughs in stem cell research, technologies that will actually regenerate human tissue are still several years away from fully coming to market. In the meantime, a new market is developing for products that have the ability to interact with living tissue and in some cases promote cellular migration and growth. While these products stop well short of growing new limbs and organs, they do provide some solutions for many of the problems associated with traditional surgical and treatment options.

The surgical biomaterials market is currently one of the largest and fastest growing global medical markets. It encompasses a number of surgical specialties and has reached a market capitalization of several billions dollars. The rapid growth of surgical biomaterials has to do with their capacity to reduce procedure times, recovery times and complication rates, while providing clinicians with innovative approaches to improving the level of patient care. Medical device companies worldwide are racing to bring to market biomaterial implants and devices that are designed to help repair defects in soft tissue, skin and bones.

What are biomaterials? A very broad definition of surgical biomaterials may include any substance that has the capacity to function in contact with living tissue and not be rejected by the body. This would include products made from metals, alloys and polyester-based materials such as orthopedic implants, and a number of other products traditionally used for the reconstruction or repair of tissue. The modern definition of surgical biomaterials, however, focuses on substances and products that not only evade rejection by the body, but that can interact with living tissue. These biomaterials do the job they are meant to perform, and then are either absorbed naturally by the body over time and eliminated by biological processes or become a permanent part of the surrounding tissue.

The use of nonviable materials to repair or replace defects in the human body dates back thousands of years. Early civilizations such as the Egyptians, Romans and Aztecs used wood, ivory, gem stones and other objects to replace missing teeth and fill in bone defects more than 2,500 years ago. Since then, scientific developments have led to the use of a number of different synthetics and natural materials in the human body. From World War I through World War II a number of natural rubbers, celluloids, vinyl polymers and polyurethanes were used for grafts, artificial hearts and catheters. During World War II, silicon was used in Japan to enhance the breasts of prostitutes and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the main component in many of today’s bone cements, was used in dental and craniofacial applications. Alloys have been used as pins and plates in the human body since the early nineteenth century. The use of steel and other alloys, which have the tendency to discolor, eventually led to the development and introduction of stainless steel and titanium, materials that are still commonly used in the production of orthopedic implants today.

Biomaterials can be made either from synthetic compounds or natural substances. Synthetic materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate have been used for years in dental, craneo-maxilofacial and orthopedic procedures. The use of natural substances such as human or animal tissue in the manufacture of surgical biomaterials is a more recent development. A number of years of research and development in this area have led to technological advances in the processing of natural tissue to remove its toxicity and improve its clinical properties. Natural substances generally have complex structures that are difficult to replicate with synthetic compounds, and therefore can interact with human tissue in ways that synthetic products cannot. The ongoing development of surgical biomaterials is now resulting in a number of hybrid products that integrate both natural and synthetic substances in an effort to provide products that offer the clinical benefits of both materials.

Some of the benefits of biomaterials can be seen in their use in surgeries that typically use “autografts”. This is when surgeons take tissue (or bone) from one part of the patient’s body and then place it in another part of their body in order to repair a defect or replace diseased tissue. One of the most common procedures in which autografts are used is spinal fusion, a surgery in which one or more vertebrae of the spine are welded together with the aim of eliminating painful motion. During a spinal fusion, the surgeon makes an incision in the patient’s hip and removes a piece of bone from the pelvis, which is then implanted in the space between the vertebrae and held in place by metal fasteners. The pain and problems associated with motion are reduced over time, as the implanted bone and vertebrae grow into a single, solid bone. Some of the major disadvantages of autografts in these procedures are the additional operating time it takes the surgeon to harvest the graft, the extra postoperative recovery time needed and the added pain the patient must endure at the harvest site. Synthetic or animal based biomaterial bone substitutes provide surgeons and their patients with an option that lessens time under anesthesia and cuts down on recovery time.

Collagen implants for tissue repair and augmentation is another area where biomaterials may offer substantial benefits over traditional treatments. In recent years, the use of membranes made from natural substances such as porcine and bovine dermis or pericardium has gained in popularity with surgeons. Synthetic membranes made from materials such as polypropylene, polyester, silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been widely used in facial aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, hernia repair, neurosurgery and other surgical procedures. While synthetic surgical meshes have good strength characteristics, they remain in the body as permanent implants and sometimes can cause adverse reactions when the surrounding tissue identifies these materials as foreign bodies. A handful of companies in Europe and the U.S. have developed new ways of collecting and processing animal collagen to produce membranes that offer the same strength characteristics as synthetic membranes, but are completely biocompatible and provide a permanent solution for the repair and augmentation of tissue. Since the structure of this collagen is so similar to human tissue, once it is implanted the membrane provides the basis for cellular ingrowth and revascularization.

Bone graft substitutes and collagen implants do not have the capacity to help us grow new limbs or organs. However, they are an important step in the ongoing developments being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Progress continues to be made into stem cell research and, just like amphibians and lizards, one day new technologies may be available to help us regenerate our bodies. In the meantime, the market for surgical biomaterials continues to evolve and new technologies are continuously coming to market that have the capacity to improve the quality of life of mammals around the world.

About The Author

Joseph R. Lopez is the Executive Director of BioSurgical Innovations, Inc., a privately owned sales, marketing and distribution company that focuses exclusively on new technologies in biomaterial implants, biosurgical devices and complementary products for a number of surgical specialties. These products are designed to interact with living tissue and have the capacity to improve procedural efficiencies for surgeons and enhance the clinical outcomes and quality of life for their patients. BioSurgical Innovations’ sells its products through a distribution network that covers Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as key accounts in the U.S.

For additional information, contact:

BioSurgical Innovations, Inc.

Tel: 954-331-8044

Fax: 954-331-4601

http://www.bsurgical.com

jlopez@bsurgical.com