Archive for June 7th, 2007

June 7, 2007: 11:42 pm: adminUniversity of Security

In many cases, most people feel pretty secure with a basic/standard home security system, but with today’s criminals/robbers its shocking to know how many of them know there way around a security system. There are a couple of small inexpensive things you can do for you and your family that may prevent that awful robbery.

A. Window Alert is home security device that attaches to windows and set off by vibrations if someone tries to break through. Installs easily on any window, There is so many cases that robbers use there window cutting device that can not be detected from a basic Security system. This little window alarm was an essential in saving the millions of lives that were threatened by a robber.

B. A Home Security Device such as the Watchdog is ideal for home protection, because it accomplishes what even the best living, breathing watchdog cannot do. Rex’s electronic radar eyes, the Electronic Watch Dog Home Security Device can “see” through thick doors, walls and glass. And once his cord is plugged in, he’ll stay on duty around the clock, indefinitely. The Electronic Watch Dog Home Security Device can protect homes, apartments, mobile homes, RV’s, jewelry stores, factories, warehouses, public and private buildings of virtually every kind. For example, most apartment complexes do not have a security system in the apartment units. You only go in good faith that the apartment is safe. Rex, the electronic watch dog, what an easy solution to cure a robbery scare.

• Barking gets louder and more frequent as the intruder gets closer.
• Switches from the watchdog to the tranquil sounds of nature with the simple switch of a button.
• Variable distance sensitivity (up to 30′) as well as volume control.
• Supplements your regular home security system by detecting robbers before they attempt to break into your home.

C. A Nightmare Situation There are preventive solutions!!!
1. The Big Jammer is a home security device that is a strong 20 gauge steel adjustable door brace that installs easily under door knobs and provides added security. Adjusts easily to fit most hinged doors. End caps can be removed to allow for use on sliding glass doors as well. Clean, baked enamel finish makes it attractive for in-house use.
2. The base of the alarm is bolted to door or window frame, the actuator is connected to the window or door. The alarm is activated by opening the door or window. Great for any door particularly those hard to protect sliding glass doors.

Mr. Green - Self Defense - Home Protection at
Self Defense - Home Protection

: 10:34 pm: adminLiving With Software

What is CSS?

CSS is the technology used to make the layout for webpages.
They are Cascading Style Sheets, used to style your HTML
documents. They are slowly replacing tables as the preferred
medium to layout your pages. They free your content (the HTML
document) from the layout (the CSS file), so you may change your
website look and feel easily.

CSS basics.

With HTML, you would define the attributes as you write the
HTML. With CSS, you first define the style. Then as you are
writing the HTML, you apply the required style. So the first
step to write CSS document is defining your styles. There are
two ways to apply your CSS to your file. You may either include
it in your HTML file by placing your stylesheet in head of your
HTML as,


, The Selectors.

After you write your style, the computer needs to know where to
apply that style. This can be done using the selectors. The
selectors are of three types. 1. HTML tag selector: If you want
to change the look of any of your html tags, you will use this
type of selector. You may decide that all of your h2 elements
must have red text. It is trivially easy with CSS. 2. Class
selector: you would like particular parts of your webpage to
have a style, but that part is not always in same html tag. Not
to worry, you can enclose that part with a div tag and apply
your style. 3. ID selectors: If some element occurs only once it
is styled using id selectors.

Your First Stylesheet.

With your first stylesheet, you will modify the page to look
yellow with a blue foreground.


some text The HTML part
is simple, so let’s look at the CSS part. body{
background-color:yellow; color:blue; }

We wanted to modify the body so we used the body tag selector.
This basically said to the computer that this style needs to be
applied to whole body of html document. Then we used the
background-color property to set the background and the color
property to set the foreground. What if you wanted to set all
the text to bold? Oh that’s simple too, you just add this line
inside the body selector. font-weight: bold;

Getting something useful.

The last css though simple was not very useful. Let us design a
useful CSS which might be used on a site. Before that you must
learn positioning elements using CSS. We would like to have a
three column layout. So I will use three selectors(Id selectors)
named sidebar, content and rightsidebar. Theses lines of codes
declare our selectors. #sidebar #content #rightsidebar. Then we
will tell how these should look like. I want my sidebar and
rightsidebar to have aqua colored background. This is done using
background: Aqua;

Next we add borders to all our selectors and add a top margin of
20 pixels. We would like the contents to be bolder, so we add
font-weight: bold; to content. After that we decide to spice up
our links by making them of a different color and removing the
underlines, by getting a color:#c60; text-decoration:none; To
give the user a visual indication of the link when she moves her
mouse, we swap the link colors. This is done by changing the
style in a:hover.

So this is what our finished page looks like.



content
a link

, What! Do I have to learn all these tags and
attributes?

No. But you must remember the more important ones. Also the
attributes have very common sense names. What should you do to
change the background color of your webpage. Yeah this.

body{ background:Aqua; } , That’s all. SO if you are going to
use CSS for any length of time, you will get to remember the
tags. A css editor like TopStyle lite can be really useful when
you are learning css. , Thats all for today. Hope you learnt
something useful from this tutorial.

: 6:06 pm: adminUniversity of Security

First for the Bad News:

There are many risks attached to connecting to the Internet. The
only way to keep one hundred percent safe is by not connecting!
But who wants to do that especially if one’s in business?

It is a fact that when you connect to the Internet you will be
wide open to attacks. In essence you open up a highway that
connects you to it and it to you. Thus anyone on the Net can
come directly to your computer.

With some trickery and exploitation of the trade,
vulnerabilities that exist in Microsoft Windows can let
outsiders access your data and cause havoc right in the privacy
of your own computer.

Such malicious things as viruses, worms and Trojan horses are
rapidly increasing and rendering millions of computers easy prey
to hackers looking for credit card information, banking
passwords and other personal identifications, or to blatant
vandals looking to delete files, trash hard drives and do any
damage they can – just for the fun of it.

The scary thing is that many of these invaders don’t even leave
a trace. You don’t even know they’re there or they’ve come to
your station!

For your computer to be “attacked”, intruders first need to
locate your IP address. Using some specialized software programs
– readily available on the Web — they can scan and find and
invade your computer.

Hackers can get to your computer through a variety of ways,
including eMail, chat/messaging services, HTML-based emails with
hidden image tags, etc., etc.

But, enough of the bad news…

Now for the Good News:

You can protect yourself. And you can check out your computer
for vulnerability levels.

All you need is to spend some time getting familiar with what
the weaknesses are and how you can protect your computer against
them.

For a non-technical person like myself, what that means is of
course researching and getting information from people who do
know what they’re talking about. And that’s the hard part: to
come across someone you can trust.

That’s what I did. And I was blessed to come across a product
that tells and shows how to keep hackers, worms and other germs
out of your PC, and how to set up a high level of security
against unwanted invasions.

What I did learn in the first instance is that you can go to a
web site that will give you free tools to test your computer.
That’s the first thing you need to do. Well, to my surprise, I
found that my security system was pretty good. So that gave me
peace of mind.

And I found that the reason for this was that I had both a
router box and an anti-virus product installed. Each has certain
protective characteristics that together make your computer
safer.

And with my continuous research, I’m also finding other areas
for improvement that keep adding to my arsenal of knowledge.

So I’m off to read some more about PC security.

: 5:11 pm: adminUniversity of Security

In this world of live TV broadcasting, it’s likely few have missed witnessing the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina.

An overwhelming sense of helplessness permeates the lives of thousands of victims in New Orleans and other affected areas of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. You need cold steel in your heart and ice water in your veins to not be mournful of their plight.

The pattern of Katrina prior to its cataclysmic route was coined by some to be “nothing to worry about” as it whirled 95 miles per hour gusts through portions of Miami eventually causing about 100 millions dollars of estimated damage. And, this was before it locked its sight on New Orleans.

Why do people pretend certain things won’t happen to them? Like dying prematurely … or becoming disabled … or running out of food and water.

Even when a crisis situation is up close and in our face we tend to quickly dismiss it. For example, the car accident scene we just passed as paramedics were placing severely injured passengers into the ambulance. You could see pools of blood on the street and twisted metal with broken glass strewn
everywhere.

Then, once beyond the accident scene we began accelerating to speeds excessively over the posted limits. Out of sight… out of mind.

Why won’t we take these real life experiences seriously enough to prepare for the worst?

On Aug. 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew slammed into South Florida. It wiped out Homestead, Florida City and parts of Miami before continuing northwest across the Gulf of Mexico to strike the Louisiana coastline.

The storm was responsible for 40 deaths and $30-billion in property damage. At the time, it was the costliest disaster in U.S history.

We have only just begun to calculate the cost of Hurricane Katrina. More than likely, it will be beyond our capacity to imagine.

During August and September 2004, Florida was lambasted by Hurricanes Charley, Dennis, Ivan and Jeanne. The damage was astounding and perhaps foretold of things to come - like Katrina.

So, why don’t we better prepare for these dramas of Mother Nature? Why do we ignore the fact that what happened before will most assuredly happen again?

On September 11, 1992 (less than one month after Andrew) Hurricane Iniki leveled every telephone pole and hundreds of trees on the Island of Kauai in Hawaii. Fortunately no one was killed and yet the preparation for this disaster was postponed because it was originally forecast to be less severe.

Planning for any disaster is filled with complications. Various departments of local, state and federal governments often clash due to opposing viewpoints or budget constraints.

Interesting isn’t it? When panic is upon us … when the disaster has struck … more often than not we rise to the occasion. And yet, we frequently fail to prepare for future disasters that could threaten the lives of our own family.

If we were as smart as we are compassionate, we would help ourselves and our families by storing provisions to be used, if necessary, for our survival. More information can be found at:
http://www.survival-center.com.

Compassion seems to come easier than wisdom. Is this because it’s easier to write a check than to spend time making a plan for our own survival?

But do our checks really go to help those we care about?

Even the Red Cross admits there are times funds end up being distributed to parties other than those designated by the contributors.

Here’s a suggestion for the current victim relief effort. Go to: http://www.jw-media.org and follow the commentary about Katrina. I’m confident monetary contributions sent to these folks will actually help our needy friends in the bayou.

By the way, I am not affiliated with either of the two recommended organizations … and I have a great deal of respect for the work of the Red Cross and its recent effort to honor the requested allocation of the donors.

Author Don Adams is a veteran financial consultant who has helped hundreds of families solve problems related to financial and estate planning. More information may be found at:
http://personal-finance-on-the-net.com

: 5:07 pm: adminLiving With Software

Outsourcing your software development can save you time and money if you know what you need. Too often US companies attempt to outsource without a good understanding of what their software should do, and this is the biggest cause of outsourcing failure. It is unreasonable to expect your outsourcing team to have a menu of software, pre-prepared, so you can just select the items you want.

Ever go to a restaurant with a picky eater? They tell the waiter in excruciating detail how they want their food prepared. And heaven forbid that the food arrives different from what was requested! Back to the kitchen it goes to be “fixed” to make the picky eater happy.

Sometimes US companies hire an outsourced partner as if they were going to a restaurant. They select the cuisine based on the flavor of the technology they require. Chinese .NET or Indian Java? How about some Russian C++? Unfortunately there is rarely a menu for the exact items you might like to order from an outsourced team.

Are you approaching outsourcing your software like you are walking into a restaurant? Are you expecting the outsourcing team to advise you, like an attentive waiter, on the way your software should look, be prepared and presented to your customers?

Instead, bring your own recipe when you start work with an outsourcing team. Unlike your dining experiences, you cannot ask for the daily special. You have to provide a specific description of what you would like to have, and how it should be prepared. Without such a recipe, your outsourced software development efforts can be starved for success.

Poorly specified software is often the result when “subject matter experts” are involved. Subject matter experts, or SMEs, know a lot about a particular subject, like IC design, business process workflow, inventory management, etc., but very little about designing software. SMEs can struggle to get their ideas encoded in the software. They need to work with someone that knows the best way to design and develop software.

Sometimes, there is a fear of getting bogged down in the details. Since some software executives are great with people, they feel much more comfortable hiring a person to handle the details. They know how to manage a person here, better than they can manage an offshore team of programmers in a remote offshore location.

One Accelerance client is in this situation. The CEO wants to outsource the development of a new software product. But there is no specification. In this case Accelerance is acting as a virtual CTO, responsible for the design, and development of the client’s software.

The client is essentially saying, “Design the software for me, and I’ll tell you if it matches what I am thinking.” This can work because the cost of outsourcing is so low that rework and multiple design iterations are affordable.

This type of arrangement only works when paying on a Time and Materials basis. There is no way to offer fixed pricing because the end product is not defined.

Of course, not having a specification may not stop you from asking for a fixed price bid! In this case, you can outsource the creation of a specification that defines your software for a fixed price. Then the resulting complete design specification is used to create a second fixed price bid for writing your software.

Another factor comes into play when you pay a fixed price amount for a software design specification. You usually have to pay at least half up front. This is to protect the outsourcing company from delivering a specification for creating the software and then not getting paid.

Because software design often occurs at the beginning of a relationship, both parties seek to minimize their risk. You minimize your risk by selecting an outsourcing team with a proven track record and great references. The outsourcing team reduces their risk by getting partial (sometimes full) payment before starting.

There are multiple deliverables that should be produced during the design phase of creating your software, whether you do it yourself, or outsource the design:

* Marketing Requirements
* Storyboard Demo
* Functional Specification
* Multiple Release Milestone Schedule
* Detailed Task Schedule for First Release
* Detailed Design Specification (optional)

Unfortunately, software development has not progressed to the point where ready-made modules are available to order and combined to create your software. There is not yet a menu of choices available to anyone that is hungry for new software. Instead, you must provide your own recipe for what you need. The good news is low cost outsourced software design and development resources are now available to create your custom software to meet your exact specifications.

Steve Mezak is a successful Silicon Valley technical entrepreneur and global outsourcing expert. Get your copy of his free report on “The Seven Deadly Dangers of Outsourcing Your Software Development and How Companies Like Yours Can Avoid Them” by visiting his Accelerance outsourcing
company web site now.

: 12:13 pm: adminThe Technology Way

Are you nervous? You should be! One of the most difficult things I ever did was preparing and passing a certification exam. I wish someone had told me the things I am about to tell you.

So you are nervous about taking a certification exam? These exams are not easy. But preparing wisely will help reduce some of your anxiety and allow you to concentrate on important stuff, like the correct answers!

The very first thing to do is to identify your learning style. If you are not sure about yours, there are online assessments to help you.

  • Learning Style Inventory

  • How do you learn?

    Once you know how you learn best, you can tailor your test preparation around that fact.

    Preparing for the test:

    Identify the types of activities that help you retain and understand the material.

    Do you learn best by listening?

    Then get an audio review tape or have someone read sections in the book aloud. Or organize a study group to discuss the concepts.

    Do you learn best by reading and note taking?

    Then create outlines and flash cards. Take lots of notes, then synthesize them down into an outline or draw out a concept or mind map. Create study guides, ie. flash cards, mnemonics, course summaries, etc.

    Do you learn best by doing an activity?

    Then create a presentation on the areas that you are struggling with, go to a job site where the concepts are being used, build a diorama or present the material to someone else.

    Now that you have identified the best way for you to learn, let’s look at some other areas that will help you prepare.

    Choose your study spot wisely.

    It is important to choose your place of study. If you do most of your studying at the kitchen table while someone is cooking or in the living room with the television on, expect to need more time for study.

    Choose your place for study wisely. It is important to have a place that belongs only to you during exam prep time. Think of it as a refuge as you prepare for your future!

    Where do you study best?

  • Keep distractions away from your study area. Don’t bring the Nintendo™ or Playstation™ into that room.

  • Turn your phone off and lock the door, this is your time.
  • Don’t study in a closet. Make sure you have sufficient space to spread out notes and books or work on a computer.
  • Make sure your environment works for you. Not too hot, not too cold, just right. Do you have plenty of light? You have to see to study.
  • Did you get enough sleep to even start studying. The environment may be perfect, but the body is too tired. Make sure rest is on the study schedule.

    Well, the time is almost here. You have studied, prepared, and reviewed all that you can. Now you need to resist the urge to second guess your abilities. No all nighters for you! ‘

    The day of the test is the time to do a quick review, break out the topic outlines. Give yourself plenty of time to get to the test center, factor in accidents, natural disasters, etc. Here are some tips for the night before and the day of the test.

    The Night Before the Test

  • Don’t second guess yourself

  • Get lots of sleep, well try anyway
  • Do not stay up cramming. You know your stuff, have confidence!
  • Go to dinner or a movie with someone, spend time talking about anything but the test
  • Go take a walk, clear your head
  • Set your alarm, set multiple alarms

    The Day of the Test

  • Eat a light meal before you go

  • Review your outlines
  • Make sure you have the ID required to gain access. If they say 2 forms of ID w/picture, they mean it.
  • Show up early for the test, but not so early that you increase your anxiety waiting ~15 minutes
  • When you arrive, use the bathroom. That way you won’t be distracted later.
  • Do not mingle with other test-takers, their anxiety is catching.

    THEN go in with confidence, you can do this! Good luck!

    Rhonda Goetz - EzineArticles Expert Author

    Rhonda Goetz, Instructional Designer
    Chrome Zebra, Inc.
    Demo Courses
    866.241.9927

    Rhonda Goetz is the owner and CEO of Chrome Zebra, Inc. She is also a Certified Internet Webmaster, a certification test proctor, and an online instructional designer.

    Chrome Zebra designs technology certification courses. To find out more about certification courses or experience a “course Of a Different Color” visit the Chrome Zebra Academy demo course site.

  • : 11:25 am: adminThe Technology Way

    Buy a cheap laptop with older technology
    Rapid advance in technology makes it meaningless to buy the latest technology at a high price. When laptop with wireless capability first came to the market, a unit with this technology can cost up till US$2500. Now after 2 years, you can get a relatively fast centrino laptop for less than US$1000.

    Buy used or refurbished laptop
    The depreciation of a laptop value is so high, that after one year in the market, a laptop can easily lose half its value. So if you are looking for a cheap laptop, look for one which is close to one year old. Not all used laptop are in bad condition. You will be surprised to find that some used laptops are still in good condition because their owners are power users or gamers.

    Buy laptop from power users or gamers
    I like to buy electronic gadgets including laptops from hard core power users or gamers. Let me share with you why. Gamers or power users usually require the latest and most powerful technology to run their games or power hungry applications. They often will not settle for second best. They also have the tendency to chase after the latest technology. So after one year, they will be bored of what they have and will look to sell off their laptops so that they can buy a new one. Now if you are looking to buy cheap laptops with up to date technology and you happen to have friends who are gamers, do ask them if they are looking to sell off their laptops. Who knows, maybe you can buy a good and cheap laptop from them.

    Scan through gaming forums and local gaming community
    if you do not already have friends who like to play computer games, then scanning through gaming forums on the internet is another way to get good and cheap deals for used laptop. Internet makes it easy for you to do this. Go to google.com and start searching for gaming forums. Visit each and everyone and see if they have a Trading Section. You will definitely find many posts from gamers looking to sell their gaming laptops.

    Scan through local bulletin boards

    Do scan through local bulletin boards near you for cheap deals on laptop. Students or even companies do offer their used computers or laptops for sale when their studies or projects end. I personally had gotten a few good deals for my family and friends.

    Look for cheap laptop with at least 512mb memory
    This is especially important for used laptop. If the processor speed is slow, then having more memory can compensate for the lack in speed. In fact, the size of memory plays a big part in determining how fast a laptop runs an application. Just by increasing the memory size, you can see a huge difference in speed. A cheap laptop with at least 512mb memory can run most non graphic intensive application easily.

    Get cheap laptop from reputable manufacturer
    This is very important because if you are buying used laptop, then the chances of requiring servicing is higher than a new laptop. So if you buy from a reputable manufacturer, you will save a lot of trouble and time if your laptop does require servicing.

    Charles Wee owns and runs http://www.cheaplaptopguide.com, a website that provides useful content on sourcing and buying of cheap laptops and discount laptops. He also runs a free blog hosting service at http://www.bloggerhaven.com

    : 7:45 am: adminMiscellaneous

    How many people have you met that do not know what it feels like to be stressed?

    Do you even need two hands to count them on?

    Since you probably don’t need two hands, and since you are probably familiar with stress yourself, here are the top eight things you can do, or do more of, to deal with stress:

    1. Go for a run. Or a walk. Or go swimming, or boxing, or do some other physical activity. Exercise is good for you on four different levels:

    a. It will get a large chunk of the accumulated stress out of your system.

    b. If your physical activity is outdoorsy, it allows you to get some air and to take a break.

    c. Exercise releases endorphins, which make you feel better, happier. It’s sort of a natural high, really.

    d. You’ll be fitter and better looking - always a plus!

    2. Find a person you can share your troubles with - most of your friends are not the kind you can share your troubles with, but rather people with whom you can talk about lighter matters. There are probably only one or two friends with whom you can really talk about everything.
    So share with them - talking about it will ease your burden.

    3. Be in the company of friends and acquaintances - not for sharing, like in #2, but just for the company. You know, have fun. It will make life better, and it will also distract you from your troubles.

    4. Find a hobby. Whether it’s arts or crafts, biking, fishing, or any other hobby you can think of, focusing on something you like to do takes your mind off your troubles, and allows you to relax. You can’t work all day long.

    5. Set an appointed time for the above activities, so they don’t get pushed aside by “more important things”, stressful things. Monday and Friday evening can be dedicated to some kind of sport. Tuesday afternoons might be your time for painting. Saturday night can be the time all the gang goes out to play pool. Just make sure you set a time for doing the things that make you feel good, and don’t let your “duties” push them aside.

    6. Take a deep breath. Now do it again. When you are stressed, your breathing becomes shallow. The moment you take a deep breath, however, you feel better. Remember: breathe. Breath is life.

    7. Put on some music. It doesn’t have to be classic music, although it can be if you like it. Just listen to music that makes you feel good, that relaxes you. Happy, quiet or classic music can do wonders. Heavy metal, though, is not relaxing music, no matter what you think and no matter what your taste in music is.

    8. Find a distraction from life that makes you feel good - it could be a movie or a book, for instance. That takes your mind off things, takes you into different worlds, allowing the body and the mind time to relax.

    There you have it. If you are stressed, you’re probably not doing these eight things enough.

    Stress can be dealt with when you know how. Use the above tips to deal with your stress. They can work wonders!

    Copyright 2005 Dvora Ifat and Shunit Ben-Tzvi

    Dvora Ifat and Shunit Ben-Tzvi are co-authors of “No Stress!
    How to Save Tons of Money on Shrinks and Doctors - Just by
    Reducing Stress!”, a web authority on stress management and
    relief.
    http://www.nostressebook.com

    : 5:52 am: adminMiscellaneous

    Sounds easy enough doesn’t it gentlemen. So you think I am
    talking about buying their every hearts desires. Believe me when
    I was young and wealthy I tried this with a few young ladies. It
    does NOT work. You can not buy love!

    Women want a man who is in control. Women want a man who has
    attraction.

    Women do not want weak or wussie men.

    I really wish I could teach you how to create attraction. There
    are pick up gurus out there who claim to be able to turn a
    wussie into a winner with women. Do your Google search and buy
    their courses. You couldn’t be any worse off than you already
    are.

    My solution is to actually pick up and seduce girls for guys who
    can’t get laid. I have enough attraction for me and my sidekick
    buddy. Most so called pick up artists got lucky a time or two
    and decided to start writing books and selling courses and
    seminars on how to pick up and seduce girls. I consider myself
    to be the guru of the gurus. These guys come to me when they
    have problems with women. I like to take my art to the street
    and into real life. I like to show off my pick up and seduction
    skills in the real world. I like to put my skills and talent
    right on the line. If you join me you will be getting laid like
    it is 1969 again!

    Anyone can teach a class but let’s go picking up girls down town
    and see who gets the most girlfriends in the sack. I have placed
    a challenge on the internet to meet any pua in open competition
    to see who can pick up and seduce more girls in any given amount
    of time. Let say one week for example. My reputation proceeds me
    and no one will meet me for fear of being defamed by a senior
    citizen. It would be like Muhammad Ali knocking out Mike Tyson.
    It would be a bit humiliating for Mike! I understand why the new
    pick up artists are afraid of the old time champ who is not
    retired yet.

    Bottom line if you want to get laid in real life and not in a
    fantasy get laid seminar contact the real king of seduction who
    has talent and will travel. How much talent? Elvis Preston King
    picks up and seduces one to three new girls per day! All for my
    own personal pleasure. If my wealthy sidekick were picking up
    the tab in style. I would pick up even more girls for him and
    for me!

    Elvis Preston King email: loverboybachelor@yahoo.com

    : 5:05 am: adminMiscellaneous

    Diamonds are a girl’s best friend, but it hasn’t always been so. The practice of giving a ring for the promise before the “I do” dates back to prehistoric times, since cavemen and cavewomen walked the earth. The engagement ring predates the discovery of diamonds by eons, winding through ancient civilizations, traversing along the spice route, and eventually gaining popularity during the industrial revolution, fueled by guess what—the most successful advertising campaign of the twentieth century.

    The first engagement rings were thought to belong to the cavewomen—simple, practical, maintenance free, easy to replace—hand-crafted from heavy grasses and reeds and later replaced by cord. Some accounts claim that the cavewoman was “tied” to the caveman by the cord. Oh, those lucky brides-to-be!

    The history of the engagement ring is shrouded in the same mystery that surrounds the intrigue of love; much of it seemingly calculated after-the-fact to explain the designs and customs that evolved over time. Accounts differ, and there are contradicting reports on which civilization deserves credit for any given ritual, but all accounts offer a fascinating glimpse into society’s attempt to quantify, define and codify love. Among the differing accounts, two consistent facts emerge—the promise of eternity and the symbolism of the eternal loop, the continuous, unbroken circle symbolizing eternal love, devotion and commitment.

    The ancient Roman and Greek civilizations replaced cord rings with crude metal rings crafted of iron. Several centuries later, iron was scrapped in favor of gold. It was the shape from which the ring received its significance, not the material from which it was crafted. The ancient Greeks called it a betrothal ring, borrowed from the Anglo-Saxon “troweth,” which meant truth—in this case, true love.

    The ring first evolved from a mere circular loop to hold simple embellishments. Some ancient Roman rings sported a key on the ring, which allegedly symbolized the key to the heart or the key to 50% of the riches, a less romantic notion. The Fede ring, predecessor to the Irish Claddagh ring, appeared around the same time, but its origin remains in question, originating in either the ancient Greek or Roman civilization—maybe both. The Fede ring, short for “Mani in Fede” in Italian, means the hands of love. It held two clasped hands intertwined, almost identical to the Claddagh ring.

    The ancient Romans first placed the ring on the third finger. The “vena amoris,” Latin for vein of love, was thought to be the vein that led from the third finger directly to the heart, a theory derived from the ancient Egyptians.

    It wasn’t until the 15th century that diamonds first adorned the eternal circular band. History records the first diamond engagement ring in the 15th century when Archduke Maximillian of Hamburg presented the ring to Mary of Burgandy. At that time, diamonds were scarce, traveling via the spice route from India to Europe, and diamond engagement rings were prohibitive to all but royalty and the very wealthy. It would be centuries until diamonds would be discovered in Brazil and Africa. DeBeers would not open its doors until 1888, and there was no Antwerp Diamond Exchange.

    It was not until the industrial revolution that life took a quantum leap. Advances in transportation brought goods and services that were once the province of the rich and famous to the masses. Diamond mines opened in South Africa, and while diamonds were still precious, they were at least accessible.

    It was in 1939 that a concerted effort to popularize the diamond engagement began in earnest with an advertising campaign in New York City. The sale of diamond engagement rings had been on the decline since 1919, decreasing by as much as 50%, due in part to the Great Depression. Harry Oppenheimer of De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd, the famed South African diamond mine, took action and with the help of N.W. Ayer & Son, a New York advertising agency, launched an all-out assault with an ad campaign. It was in 1947 that the slogan “A Diamond is Forever,” was born and launched the most successful advertising campaign of the twentieth century, moving the diamond engagement ring from a luxury to THE most important element of a proper engagement. And little has changed since then.

    M J Plaster is a successful author who provides information on shopping online for engagement rings and jewelry. M J Plaster has been a commercial freelance writer for almost two decades, most recently specializing in home and garden, the low-carb lifestyle, investing, and anything that defines la dolce vita.